解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Although negative relationships between diversity (frequently measured as species richness) and invasibility at neighborhood or community scales have often been reported, realistic natural diversity gradients have rarely been studied at this scale. We recreated a naturally occurring gradient in species richness to tes...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0732.1
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal habitat selection is a process that functions at multiple, hierarchically. structured spatial scales. Thus multi-scale analyses should be the basis for inferences about factors driving the habitat selection process. Vertebrate herbivores forage selectively on the basis of phytochemistry, but few studies have in...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1313.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wind disturbance profoundly shapes temperate forests but few studies have evaluated patterns and mechanisms of long-term forest dynamics following major windthrows. In 1990, we initiated a large hurricane simulation experiment in a 0.8-ha manipulation (pulldown) and 0.6-ha control area of a maturing Quercus rubra--Ace...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0487.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumer-mediated nutrient supply is increasingly recognized as an important functional process in many ecosystems. Yet, experimentation at relevant spatial and temporal scales is needed to fully integrate this bottom-up pathway into ecosystem models. Artificial reefs provide a unique approach to explore the importanc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1122.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The limits on annual seed production have long been characterized as restriction by either pollination success or resource provision to seed development. This expected dichotomy between pollen and resource limitation is based on the assumption that reproductive resources are fixed, which is reasonable for semelparous ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0619.1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological theory suggests that pathogens will not cause host extinctions because agents of disease should fade out when the host population is driven below a threshold density. Nevertheless, infectious diseases have threatened species with extinction on local scales by maintaining high incidence and the ability ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-2257.1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Africa is home to the last intact guild of large carnivores and thus provides the only opportunity to investigate mechanisms of coexistence among large predator species. Strong asymmetric dominance hierarchies typically characterize guilds of large carnivores; but despite this asymmetry, subdominant species may persis...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0017.1
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactive effects of consumers and nutrients on terrestrial plant communities, and the role of plant functional traits in mediating these responses, are poorly known. We carried out a six-year full-factorial field experiment using mammalian herbivore exclusion and fertilization in two habitat types (fertile and ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0393.1
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments in temperate grasslands have shown that productivity positively correlates with plant species richness. Resource partitioning (in particular, nitrogen [N] partitioning) has been proposed as one possible mechanism to explain this pattern. There is evidence for inter...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1439.1
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical tests of the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH), a theory to explain group living based on resource heterogeneity, have been complicated by the fact that resource patch dispersion and richness have proved difficult to define and measure in natural systems. Here, we studied the ecology of African lions Pant...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0018.1
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many insect herbivores build shelters on plants, which are then colonized by other arthropod species. To understand the impacts of such ecosystem engineering on associated species, the contributions of ecosystem engineer and host-plant identities must be understood. We investigated these contingencies at the patch sca...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1838.1
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Greater resource use by diverse communities might result from species occupying complementary niches. Demonstrating niche complementarity among species is challenging, however, due to the difficulty in relating differences between species in particular traits to their use of complementary resources. Here, we overcame ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0188.1
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Belowground herbivory is commonly overlooked as a mechanism of top-down control in vegetated habitats, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Recent research has revealed that increased densities of the herbivorous crab Sesarma reticulatum have led to runaway herbivory and widespread salt marsh die-off on Cape Cod, Massa...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0010.1
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The need to model and test hypotheses about complex ecological systems has led to a steady increase in use of path analytical techniques, which allow the modeling of multiple multivariate dependencies reflecting hypothesized causation and mechanisms. The aim is to achieve the estimation of direct, indirect, and total ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1899.1
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We considered Cushing's match/mismatch theory in a heterotrophic environment and hypothesized that settlement and recruitment success in blue mussel are higher when the food supply is rich in polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids (PUFA/EFA). To test this hypothesis, we monitored larval development as well as fatty...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1292.1
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioclimatic envelope models use associations between aspects of climate and species' occurrences to estimate the conditions that are suitable to maintain viable populations. Once bioclimatic envelopes are characterized, they can be applied to a variety of questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. However, som...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1930.1
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Edge effects are a dominant subject in landscape ecology literature, yet they are highly variable and poorly understood. Often, the literature suggests simple models for edge effects-positive (enhancement at the edge), negative (enhancement at the interior), or no effect (neutral)--on a variety of metrics, including a...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1904.1
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::After much debate, there is an emerging consensus that the composition of many ecological communities is determined both by species traits, as proposed by niche theory, as well as by chance events. A critical question for ecology is, therefore, which attributes of species predict the dominance of deterministic or stoc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1144.1
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of deterministic assembly rules for plant communities remains an important and unresolved topic in ecology. Most studies examining community assembly have sampled aboveground species diversity and composition. However, plants also coexist belowground, and many coexistence theories invoke belowground comp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1942.1
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overexploitation of predators has been linked to the collapse of a growing number of shallow-water marine ecosystems. However, salt-marsh ecosystems are often viewed and managed as systems controlled by physical processes, despite recent evidence for herbivore-driven die-off of marsh vegetation. Here we use field obse...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1314.1
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutualisms are well known to influence individual fitness and the population dynamics of partner species, but little is known about whether they influence species distributions and the location of geographic range limits. Here, we examine the contribution of plant-pollinator interactions to the geographic range limit ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1462.1
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of predation may cascade down the food web. By alleviating interspecific competition among prey, predators may promote biodiversity, but the precise mechanisms of how predators alter competition have remained elusive. Here we report on a predator-exclosure experiment carried out in a tropical intertidal ecosys...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1282.1
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local species diversity is maintained over ecological time by a balance between dispersal and species interactions. Local-regional species richness relationships are often used to investigate the relative importance of these two processes and the scales at which they operate. For communities undergoing succession, the...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1797.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The theory of evolution via natural selection predicts that the genetic composition of wild populations changes over time in response to the environment. Different genotypes should exhibit different demographic patterns, but genetic variation in demography is often impossible to separate from environmental variation. ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0742.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early environmental conditions can influence the pattern of growth and development. While poor conditions generally cause slower growth, normal adult size can still be reached if growth accelerates or is prolonged once conditions improve, but such catch-up growth may have deleterious effects later in life. Here we inv...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0890.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory has recognized a combination of niche and neutral processes each contributing, with varying importance, to species coexistence. However, long-term persistence of rare species has been difficult to produce in trait-based models of coexistence that incorporate stochastic dynamics, raising questions about how rare...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1087.1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In tropical forests, resource-based niches and density-dependent mortality are mutually compatible mechanisms that can act simultaneously to limit seedling populations. Differences in the strengths of these mechanisms will determine their roles in maintaining species coexistence. In the first assessment of these mecha...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0894.1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some species have disproportionate influence on assemblage structure, given their numbers or biomass. Most examples of such "strong interactors" come from small-scale experiments or from observations of the effects of invasive species. There is evidence that entire avian assemblages in open woodlands can be influenced...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2340.1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Models of two-patch predator-prey metacommunities are used to explore how the global predator population changes in response to additional mortality in one of the patches. This could describe the dynamics of a predator in an environment that includes a refuge area where that predator is protected and a spatially disti...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0011.1
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the interplay between environmental factors contributing to treeline formation and how these factors influence different life stages remains a major research challenge. We used an afforestation experiment including 92 000 trees to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of tree mortality and growth...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0384.1
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competitive outcomes among plants can vary in different abiotic and biotic conditions. Here we tested the effects of two phylotypes of Alternaria endophytes on the growth, competitive effects, and competitive responses of the exotic invasive forb Centaurea stoebe. Centaurea stoebe was a better competitor against North...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1347.1
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding of how plant communities are organized and will respond to global changes requires an understanding of how plant species respond to multiple environmental gradients. We examined the mechanisms mediating the distribution patterns of tidal marsh plants along an estuarine gradient in Georgia (USA) using a c...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0487.1
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For animals living in natural or semi-natural settings, empirical data on how sociality changes in response to increasing population density are few, especially with respect to true conspecific density and not group size. However, insight into this line of research may be far-reaching--from understanding density depen...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0020.1
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The greater abundance of some exotic plants in their nonnative ranges might be explained in part by biogeographic differences in the strength of competition, but these competitive effects have not been experimentally examined in the field. We compared the effects of neighbors on the growth and reproduction of spotted ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0518.1
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theories of plant allometry provide a general description of allometric scaling that is supposedly applicable across a wide array of environmental conditions. Scaling theories, however, ignore disturbances such as herbivory in their derivation. Here we examine the influence of herbivores on the scaling of height and d...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0230.1
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoautotrophs are generally considered to be the base of food webs, and habitats that lack light, such as caves, frequently rely on surface-derived carbon. Here we show, based on analysis of gut contents and stable isotope ratios of tissues (13C:12C and 15N:14N), that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are directly consumed ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0276.1
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flexible modeling frameworks for species distribution models based on generalized additive models that allow for smooth, nonlinear effects and interactions are of increasing importance in ecology. Commonly, the flexibility of such smooth function estimates is controlled by means of penalized estimation procedures. How...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2276.1
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Habitat fragmentation often arises from human-induced alterations to the matrix that reduce or eliminate dispersal between habitat patches. Elimination of dispersal increases local extinction and decreases recolonization. These phenomena were observed in the eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris collaris), whi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1994.1
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We e...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2244.1
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although birds and mammals play important roles in several mechanisms hypothesized to maintain plant diversity in species-rich habitats, there have been few long-term, community-level tests of their importance. We excluded terrestrial birds and mammals from fourteen 6 x 7.5 m plots in Australian primary tropical rain ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2231.1
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00